Baby & family
From the first bottle
to the everyday essentials.
Materials, ingredients and the evidence behind the products your family uses.
Explore the verdict listsIndependent product research
Independent product verdicts backed by evidence.
Decisions, with context
Baby & family
Materials, ingredients and the evidence behind the products your family uses.
Explore the verdict listsKitchen
Cookware, bakeware, tools and small appliances, with their coatings and limits in view.
Explore Safer KitchenCookware, nonstick, bakeware, tools and small appliances: the best material for each job, then exact products, coatings and limits.
Formula needs more than a short ingredient list. Read our research method, learn what testing can establish, and check exact products and recall notices.
Choosing a bottle isn’t just a choice between glass, plastic, silicone and steel. A glass bottle can still have a polypropylene ring, a stainless cup can hide solder, and a good material becomes a poor product when its valve traps liquid nobody can see or dry. We reviewed 13 exact products across their whole fluid path, and where the evidence stops we say so.
Bakeware works best when the surface is as simple as the shape allows: bare or anodized aluminum for most pans, glass for acidic casseroles, and a coating only where geometry makes release genuinely hard.
Start with the material, then the product. Fully clad stainless handles most cooking; cast iron and carbon steel win at high heat and as coating-free nonstick. Here are the exact sets, pans and pots the research supports.
Simple wins here: hard maple where wood is right, uncoated commercial stainless for measuring and serving, and a plain stainless knife. A $12 commercial tool can beat an expensive lifestyle brand.
There is no proven “safest nonstick pan”. There are three different systems with different trade-offs: PFAS-free ceramic, traditional PTFE, and coating-free carbon steel or cast iron.
A stainless exterior is irrelevant if the food touches a coated aluminum pot. We look at the vessel, basket, rack, blade, lid and seal, and we say so when no ideal coating-free product has been identified.
Every infant seat sold in the US has to pass the same federal crash test, so that sticker can’t tell you which one to buy. We re-checked 31 seats against Consumer Reports’ and BabyGearLab’s own test results, NHTSA’s recall records and each manufacturer’s current listing, and we never credit a seat with results from a different version.
Ingredient, inhalation, contaminant, talc/asbestos and public-testing research for infant diaper-area powders. For routine diaper care, no loose powder is generally the lower-exposure option. If you still want one, we look at fragrance-free formulas, conservative directions, clear product identity and how much testing is actually public.
Baby wipes can look similar and still use different formulas. Start with the findings for each product, then look more closely at the preservatives, testing and certification details that matter to you.
Choosing a diaper cream means looking at both the formula and the evidence behind it. Here are the published heavy-metal findings for the products we reviewed, with the tested versions and important gaps made clear.
Most diaper roundups are written by whoever pays the best commission. We wrote the disqualifying standard first, then checked products against it, the same order every category on this site follows.
What counts as disqualifying for this category is decided and published before a single product is named, so the bar can't quietly move to fit a favorite.
Every listed ingredient and material is checked against public regulatory data, independent lab testing where it exists, and the peer-reviewed literature, before any product opinion is formed.
Clean, caution, or avoid, each with the specific, dated, sourced finding that put it there.
Affiliate links are chosen after the verdict is final, never before, and never for a product on the avoid list.